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Images
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Description
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Links to exercises created using this image
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Upper Course
The river Tilt shows a typical upper course stream bed with boulders
and shallow, but fast flowing water.
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For future development
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Upper Course
The narrow, shallow but fast flowing water in a small stream
is typical of the upper course.
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Upper Course
Pebbles in the stream bed are picked up and swirled around abrading
the stream bed and, at the same time, beginning to make the pebbles
smoother.
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Upper Course
Side valleys are noted for their waterfalls where the fast flowing
water drops down the steep hillside and begins to cut through
the different rocks at different rates creating steps and waterfalls.
A later development of this process is the occurence of rapids.
In Scotland, there are many good examples, for example the Falls
of Leny, near Callander and The River Tay near Aberfeldy. These
areas are now thriving as outddor centres for canoeing and kayaking.
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Middle Course images to be added at a later date. |
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Lower Course - this set of views were taken from the top of
the Wallace Monument, Stirling.
The River Forth meaners across its floodplain at Stirling. The
land liable to flooding was left to farming or sportsfields. Recent
developments has seen the growth in housing and industrial estates
which in many parts of the United Kingdom has resulted in widespread
flooding during periods of exceptionally high rainfall.
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Lower Course
Stirling has grown up around the castle built on the crag and
tail volcanic vent in the middle distance. The meaners of the
Forth helped restrict growth until relatively recent times. A
study of OS maps would confirm the site and the constriction of
transport routes to this "lowest" bridging point - an
accolade which persisted until the construction of the Forth Rail
Bridge in 1890 and the Kincardine Road Bridge in 1936.
Many important battles were fought here in the past as control
of Stirling meant control of the routes north and south.
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Lower Course
The full scope of this broad meander is shown here. It is likely
that without flood control that the narrow neck would be breached
with the inevitable formation of an ox-bow lake if nature was
left to take its course.
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Lower Course
Further downstream the Forth continues to meander towards Kincardine
and the widenning Forth estuary, known as the Firth of Forth beyond
the Forth Bridges at N and S Queensferry.
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Lower Course
The wide Forth floodplain is covered with rich farmland. Before
reclamation and widespread field drainage this land was prone
to flooding and, instead of arable crops was left to pastures
and stock rearing. Settlements occupied the higher ground but
are now spreading out in all directions.
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